1. Colors
2. Arrangement patterns
3. Fluid lesions
4. Blood lesions
5. General lesions
6. Elevation and depression
7. Others

Colors

• Cafe-au-lait: brown patches (neurofibromatosis).
• Hyperpigmentation (melaninhemosiderin).
• Hypopigmentation.

Arrangement patterns

• Discrete: areas separated by normal skin.
• Disseminated: widespread discrete lesions.
• Generalized: covers most of bodywithout intervening normal skin.
• Grouped: multiple lesions grouped in one area.
• Herpetic: blisters in groups.

• Digitate: finger-shaped.
• Linear: arranged in a line.
• Serpiginous: snake-shaped.
• Stellate: star-shaped (meningococcal septicemia).
• Target: concentric rings (erythema multiforme).

• Annular: ring: dark edgecentral clearing.
• Arcuate incomplete circle.
• Discoid: filled circle.
• Petaloid:  merged discoids (seborrheic dermatitis).
• Polycyclic: merged circles (psoriasis).

• Livedo: hatched pattern (vasculitis).
• Reticulate: fine net-like pattern.

Fluid lesions

• Boil/furuncle: tenderdeep-infection of skin.
• Bulla: large vesicle.
• Carbuncle: large furuncle.
• Crust: dried serumbloodor pus.
• Cyst: cavity lined with epitheliumcontaining fluidpus or keratin.
• Pustule: pus-containing vesicle.
• Uticaria/hives/nettle rash/weals: transient itchy swellingdue to dermaledema (allergicresponse).
• Vesicle: fluid collection below epidermis.
• Weal: smallderma edema<3 days.

Blood lesions

• Ecchymosis: bruise. Blue-black initiallyfrom blood into tissue. 
• Erythema: flushing due to capillary dilationredness that blanches onpressure (usu. inflammatory).
• Friable: surface bleeds easily after minor trauma.
• Hemarthrosis: bleeding into joints.
• Petechia: pinpointdark-redroundblood macule.
• Purpura: a skin rash composed of petechiadoesn't blanch on pressure.
• Telangiectasia: localized dilated blood capillaries visible to naked eyeredspideryblanches on pressure.

General lesions

• Macule: <1cm diameterno elevationnonpalpable area of altered color.
• Papule: <1cmpalpable.
• Patch: macule-likebut >1cm.
• Plaque: papule-likebut >1cm.

Elevation and depression

• Lichenification: thickeningbut normal markings maintainedusu. 2° toscratching.
• Nodule: elevated lesion >1cmrounded shape since thickness same asdiameter.
• Papillomatous/warty: finger-like or round projections from surface.
• Pedunculated: on a stalk having a narrower diameter on the base ofthe stalk.
• Umbilicated: elevated with central depression (molluscum contagiumHSV).

• Atrophy: depression of surface from thinningusu. see blood vessels andfine surface wrinkling.
• Erosion: loss of tissueextending to only partial thickness of epithelium.
• Excoriation: scratch markscausing thinning.
• Fissure: linear split in dermislocated at: edge of orificeover jointor alongskin crease.
• Slope: description of edge from surrounding surface down to floor ofulcer. Can be:
  • Slope outwards (TB).
  • Slope inwards (venous).
  • Vertical edge (non-healing).
• Ulcer: break in epithelial surfaceextending to all layers of epithelium.

Others

• Comedone: plugged sebaceous follicle.
• Indurated: abnormal hardening.
• Malar: around zygomatic bonesaka cheekbones.
• Pruritic: itchy.
• Scaly: gross shedding of surface flakes.

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